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How to spot greenwashing

The hardest part of going plastic-free isn't finding "eco" products — it's that the word costs nothing to print. We vet products for a living, and these are the patterns we see most. The one-sentence rule: trust the materials list, never the front of the package.

1. "Plastic-free" that means "a different plastic"

The clearest example is premium tea. Several brands sell "plant-based" or "plastic-free" mesh pyramid tea bags that are actually PLA — a bioplastic spun from corn starch. PLA is plant-derived, but it's still a polymer mesh, it's precisely the format the McGill study measured shedding billions of particles into a cup, and it only breaks down in industrial composting facilities, not in your garden or the ocean. When we vetted tea bags for our catalog, we excluded a well-known brand for exactly this — PLA mesh marketed as plastic-free — and flagged another that uses a smaller PLA heat-seal with an honest note instead of a hidden one.

2. Words nobody regulates

"Eco-friendly," "natural," "green," "non-toxic," "sustainable" — none of these words has a legal definition on a product label in the US. The FTC's Green Guides advise marketers against unqualified claims, but they're guidance, not a certification. Words that do carry real weight are specific and checkable: GOTS-certified organic cotton, FSC-certified wood, an exact materials breakdown like "100% organic cotton" rather than "made with organic cotton."

3. Recycled plastic is still plastic

Recycled polyester ("rPET") is genuinely better for the waste stream than virgin polyester — and it still sheds microplastic fibers in the wash exactly like new polyester does. A sock that's "75% organic cotton" can quietly carry 16% recycled polyester in the fine print. For anything worn on skin or touching food, recycled plastic solves a different problem than the one you're trying to solve.

4. "Vegan leather" is usually polyurethane

Unless a product names its material — cork, waxed canvas, mushroom leather — "vegan leather" almost always means plastic (polyurethane or PVC). Vegan and plastic-free are different claims; plenty of products are one and not the other.

5. The natural-fiber garment with a synthetic secret

Clothing marketed on its cotton or wool routinely carries nylon and elastane that only the fabric tag admits to — we've found "organic cotton" socks that were 10% nylon once we read the composition. Blends exist for good reasons (stretch, durability), but a brand that leads with the natural fiber and buries the synthetic is telling you which fact it thinks would change your mind.

What honesty looks like instead

How we handle this at Purra: every product must name its exact materials, and the awkward facts go in the listing, not in a footnote. Silicone in our catalog is described as sand-derived and microplastic-free and named as a synthetic — both true. When a whole category has no genuinely plastic-free option with real reviews, we say so and leave the shelf empty rather than padding it — it's why we carry no headphones and dropped blenders entirely. The full standard is on our methodology page.

Once you start reading materials lists, the pattern-matching gets fast: a real claim names a material and a percentage; a marketing claim names a feeling. If you'd rather not do the reading yourself, that's the job our guides and the Purra app exist to do for you.

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